We are even evolved distinct emotions – shame and…

Page 231. We are even evolved distinct emotions – shame and guilt that specifically to make us feel bad about hurting others. While often used interchangeably, they are two separate things. Same as directed inward, it focuses on the self, producing a feeling of regret and unhappiness, because you are aware that you have failed to live up to your own expectations and standards. Guilt, by contrast, is more external; it’s caused by an awareness that others are being harmed in someway by our actions. Both are supported by a wide neural networks, encompassing, the frontal, temporal and limbic areas of the brain.

— from The Instruments (Awareness/Perception/Expectations)

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