Nolen-Hoeksema studied the relationship between depression and both brooding…

Nolen-Hoeksema studied the relationship between depression and both brooding and reflection, asking people to report on their thinking style and symptoms of depression. People in this study were interviewed twice, about a year apart. The reflection aspect of rumination was correlated with having depression at the time of the interview. But reflection at the first time point was associated with less depression at the second time point. Brooding, on the other hand, was associated with more depression both concur rently and at the later time point.

— from Time

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