means that every action will create an equal and…

means that every action will create an equal and opposite reaction. There is the law of relativity which means that you cannot always judge with accuracy where you're at in a physical or intellectual or emotional situation totally objectively. There is the law of thermodynamics which is the conservation of energy and relates to energy being transferred from one thing to another. There's the law of velocity which has to do with the speed and direction of where you're going. There are other factors that go into life and science such as catalysts, leverage where you can leverage heavy loads and easy ways, there's the law of inertia that if you do not move you will stay not moving. In biology you have various laws as well such as adaptation where you need to adapt to the environment that you're in or replication which is needed to continue the species, there is self-preservation, there is evolution, hibernation, competition, incentives, cooperation, social organization, etc. Some of the models in human judgment include pavlovian association which refers to conditioning of the mind to associate an object with a conditioned response such as pleasure or pain, there is the model of bias where we often see things in a way that will confirm our beliefs rather than objectively. In other words we cherry pick facts when observing a situation so that we highlight those that reinforce our beliefs. There is a concept of denial which is a coping mechanism that we use when we're unable to process negative situations or emotions. By not allowing yourself to acknowledge your mistakes or failings or bad decisions it reduces your level of self-awareness. This very significantly reduces our competencies on a personal level. There is a safety and numbers concept where you are more comfortable when other people are doing the same thing. There's a curiosity which is often referred to as the mother of invention. There is envy or jealousy where people are the jealous of other people and therefore prone to wanting what other people have or what other people want. There's an availability bias which is that we always give a precedence and prevalence or or brain does to things that were on contact with frequently that we think are important. Sometimes those are easier to recall than unimportant things and therefore we focus on that. There is what's called a representative heuristic which is where we form opinions based on past experiences or stereotyping. There's the fairness which everybody thinks that there should be and we try to create a society that is fair. There's a survivorship bias that the history favors winners over losers. There's confirmation bias where we tend to believe something even though it's not factually true. There's an assumption bias which is categorizing people based on their behavior without considering their circumstances. There's a relative satisfaction which tells us that our levels of contentment are more often than not related to past experiences or the perceived contentment of our peers. There's the first impressions which we make up our minds about something within a few minutes with relying on first impressions which can be misleading. In engineering there are additional models such as the margin of safety that you want to avoid putting something at extreme risk. There's the normal distribution model which in statistics which has either the 80/20 rule or everything is on a bell curve. There are power laws that changes in one quantity triggers a proportional change in the next quantity. There's the redundancy law which is the duplication of critical components of a system to increase the reliability of the system. This is usually done in the form of a backup. Redundancy can be passive or active. Passive redundancy uses excess capacity to reduce the impact of failure on the other hand active redundancy eliminates the decline and performance by monitoring the performance of individual devices. There's a regression to the mean which means that if you flip a coin 49 times and it's all been heads it's still 50/50 to the next one is heads or tails but they're always will be a regression going back to the average. There's algorithms which are basically sets of steps or proced ures that result in desired outcomes outcomes. There are network effects which means that the networks value increases with the additions of additional nodes to the network. There is no there's no one model that works in every situation or for every person. Needs to be adopted and adapted for individual use .

— from The Flight Plan (Purpose/Wisdom/Risk) · Critical Thinking and Mental Models

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