First, perceived confidence does not always de-pend on the…

First, perceived confidence does not always de-pend on the content of the message. Instead, it often depends on confident behavior: posture, tone of voice, calmness, and, of course, confident language.

— from Communication & Conflict (Communication/Conflict) · Practical Uncertainty: Useful Ideas in Decision-Making, Risk, Randomness, and AI by Hossei

In the book

And beware the illusion of transparency: your thoughts and feelings are nowhere near as visible to others as they feel to you, so say the thing plainly rather than assuming it was understood; watch the non-verbal signals, too, the body language and the face, which often say more than the words. Confidence itself, you should know, is read far more from behavior — posture, tone, calmness — than from the content of what you say. Be careful, too, with advice. Handing someone unsolicited advice can quietly tell them you don't think they can manage on their own, undermining the very confidence they need; the most effective help is usually delivered under the radar, as quiet support rather than instruction — which is also what actually moves people toward their goals. — Communication & Conflict (Communication/Conflict)

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